température océan atlantique

Large quantities of basalt erupted at this time period are found on Baffin Island, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and Scotland, with ash falls in Western Europe acting as a stratigraphic marker. For instance, in spite of 7 km thick basalt, Gunnbjorn Field in East Greenland is the highest point on the island, elevated enough that it exposes older Mesozoic sedimentary rocks at its base, similar to old lava fields above sedimentary rocks in the uplifted Hebrides of western Scotland. [86], Endangered marine species include the manatee, seals, sea lions, turtles, and whales. Une équipe de chercheurs a récemment fourni la réponse grâce à l’analyse détaillée de sédiments lacustres. The term dates to as early as 1640, first appearing in print in pamphlet released during the reign of Charles I, and reproduced in 1869 in Nehemiah Wallington's Historical Notices of Events Occurring Chiefly in The Reign of Charles I, where "great Pond" is used in reference to the Atlantic Ocean by Francis Windebank, Charles I's Secretary of State.[14][15][16]. Between the 15th century and 1888, when Brazil became the last part of the Americas to end the slave trade, an estimated ten million Africans were exported as slaves, most of them destined for agricultural labour. [76] A proposed route across the Pacific to South America could explain early South American finds and another hypothesis proposes a northern path, through the Canadian Arctic and down the North American Atlantic coast. Get the forecast for today, tonight & tomorrow's weather for Atlantique, NY. [66] [42], The Sargasso Sea in the western North Atlantic can be defined as the area where two species of Sargassum (S. fluitans and natans) float, an area 4,000 km (2,500 mi) wide and encircled by the Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Drift, and North Equatorial Current. La température de l'océan Atlantique, sur les côtes canadiennes, continue de grimper, selon la plus récente étude sur les conditions océanographiques de Pêches et Océans Canada. [87], In the Eastern Central Atlantic small pelagic fishes constitute about 50% of landings with sardine reaching 0.6–1.0 million tons per year. Before and during deliveries, ocean races, regattas, cruises, and all other types of offshore passages, we have your whole route covered. By end of the 17th century, the volume of the Trans-Atlantic trade had surpassed that of the Mediterranean trade. Ajouter aux raccourcis. [24], Continental shelves in the Atlantic are wide off Newfoundland, southernmost South America, and north-eastern Europe. Ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream transport eel larvae from the Sargasso Sea to foraging areas in North America, Europe, and Northern Africa. Municipal pollution comes from the eastern United States, southern Brazil, and eastern Argentina; oil pollution in the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Lake Maracaibo, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; and industrial waste and municipal sewage pollution in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea. North Atlantic Central Water can be divided into the Eastern and Western North Atlantic central Water since the western part is strongly affected by the Gulf Stream and therefore the upper layer is closer to underlying fresher subpolar intermediate water. [78] [74] These hypotheses remained the long-held view regarding the settlement of the Americas, a view challenged by more recent archaeological discoveries: the oldest archaeological sites in the Americas have been found in South America; sites in north-east Siberia report virtually no human presence there during the LGM; and most Clovis artefacts have been found in eastern North America along the Atlantic coast. [48], The Atlantic Ocean is underlain mostly by dense mafic oceanic crust made up of basalt and gabbro and overlain by fine clay, silt and siliceous ooze on the abyssal plain. It is governed by ocean currents from marginal seas and regional topography, rather than being steered by wind, both in the deep ocean and at sea level. In 1922 a historic moment in cartography and oceanography occurred. The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceans, with an area of about 106,460,000 km 2 (41,100,000 sq mi). [36] The oldest known mentions of an "Atlantic" sea come from Stesichorus around mid-sixth century BC (Sch. [86], In the Western Central Atlantic, catches have been decreasing since 2000 and reached 1.3 million tons in 2013. The USS Stewart used a Navy Sonic Depth Finder to draw a continuous map across the bed of the Atlantic. [6], The Coriolis effect circulates North Atlantic water in a clockwise direction, whereas South Atlantic water circulates counter-clockwise. Il sépare l'Eurafrique de l'Amérique et du Groenland, et il est né de cassures d'âge secondaire, qui n'ont cessé de s'élargir depuis. [6], The shelves of the Atlantic hosts one of the world's richest fishing resources. [64], Humans evolved in Africa; first by diverging from other apes around 7 mya; then developing stone tools around 2.6 mya; to finally evolve as modern humans around 100 kya. Météo des plages de l'océan Atlantique La façade Atlantique dispose en majorité de grandes plages de sable fin, souvent bien animées tout au long de l'année. [95], Ocean between Europe, Africa and the Americas, "Atlantic", "North Atlantic", "South Atlantic", and "Atlantic Basin" redirect here. In the early 19th century it was discovered that the southern Sargasso Sea is the spawning ground for both the European and American eel and that the former migrate more than 5,000 km (3,100 mi) and the latter 2,000 km (1,200 mi). The oldest oceanic crust in the Atlantic is up to 145 million years and situated off the west coast of Africa and east coast of North America, or on either side of the South Atlantic. This population of seaweed probably originated from Tertiary ancestors on the European shores of the former Tethys Ocean and has, if so, maintained itself by vegetative growth, floating in the ocean for millions of years. Groupers and snappers are overfished and northern brown shrimp and American cupped oyster are considered fully fished approaching overfished. Oceanic debris tends to accumulate at the center of gyres and coastlines, frequently washing aground where it is known as beach litter. The wide range of salinities in the North Atlantic is caused by the asymmetry of the northern subtropical gyre and the large number of contributions from a wide range of sources: Labrador Sea, Norwegian-Greenland Sea, Mediterranean, and South Atlantic Intermediate Water. Since man-made substances were introduced into the environment, the path of the NADW can be traced throughout its course by measuring tritium and radiocarbon from nuclear weapon tests in the 1960s and CFCs. North Atlantic Central Water flows into South Atlantic Central Water at 15°N. [61], The equatorial segment is the last phase of the break-up, but, because it is located on the Equator, magnetic anomalies cannot be used for dating. In the 1870s, the Challenger expedition discovered parts of what is now known as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, or: An elevated ridge rising to an average height of about 1,900 fathoms [3,500 m; 11,400 ft] below the surface traverses the basins of the North and South Atlantic in a meridianal direction from Cape Farewell, probably its far south at least as Gough Island, following roughly the outlines of the coasts of the Old and the New Worlds. [86], In 1497 John Cabot became the first Western European since the Vikings to explore mainland North America and one of his major discoveries was the abundant resources of Atlantic cod off Newfoundland. The earliest evidence for the complex behavior associated with this behavioral modernity has been found in the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) along the coast of South Africa. [47], Hurricanes are a hazard in the western parts of the North Atlantic during the summer and autumn. A 2005 report indicated that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) slowed down by 30% between 1957 and 2004. In 1973 late American geoscientist Paul S. Martin proposed a "blitzkrieg" colonization of the Americas by which Clovis hunters migrated into North America around 13,000 years ago in a single wave through an ice-free corridor in the ice sheet and "spread southward explosively, briefly attaining a density sufficiently large to overkill much of their prey. The Atlantic Ocean is bounded on the west by North and South America. Horse mackerel and hake are the most important species, together representing almost half of the landings. [25], The MAR rises 2–3 km (1.2–1.9 mi) above the surrounding ocean floor and its rift valley is the divergent boundary between the North American and Eurasian plates in the North Atlantic and the South American and African plates in the South Atlantic. Large variations in the subpolar gyre on a decade-century scale, associated with the North Atlantic oscillation, are especially pronounced in Labrador Sea Water, the upper layers of the MOC. On the African east coast the small cyclonic Angola Gyre lies embedded in the large subtropical gyre. The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. Arctic cod reached its lowest levels in the 1960s–1980s but is now recovered. The Rockall Trough opened between 105 and 84 million years ago although along the rift failed along with one leading into the Bay of Biscay. [75] Furthermore, colonisation models based on mtDNA, yDNA, and atDNA data respectively support neither the "blitzkrieg" nor the "three-wave" hypotheses but they also deliver mutually ambiguous results. [61], Geologically the South Atlantic can be divided into four segments: Equatorial segment, from 10°N to the Romanche Fracture Zone (RFZ);; Central segment, from RFZ to Florianopolis Fracture Zone (FFZ, north of Walvis Ridge and Rio Grande Rise); Southern segment, from FFZ to the Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone (AFFZ); and Falkland segment, south of AFFZ. They could explore the convoys leaving the Americas because prevailing winds and currents made the transport of heavy metals slow and predictable. Likewise, GDP doubled in Atlantic countries but rose by only 30% in the rest of Europe. To the east, the boundaries of the ocean proper are Europe: the Strait of Gibraltar (where it connects with the Mediterranean Sea—one of its marginal seas—and, in turn, the Black Sea, both of which also touch upon Asia) and Africa. Changes in the formation of NADW have been linked to global climate changes in the past. [81][82], From Columbus to the Industrial Revolution Trans-Atlantic trade, including colonialism and slavery, became crucial for Western Europe. [86], In the South-East Atlantic catches have decreased from 3.3 million tons in the early 1970s to 1.3 million tons in 2013. The coldest zones are in high latitudes, with the coldest regions corresponding to the areas covered by sea ice. [43] The origin of the Sargasso fauna and flora remained enigmatic for centuries. This setback was caused by a range of factors: an unsustainable economy resulted in erosion and denudation, while conflicts with the local Inuit resulted in the failure to adapt their Arctic technologies; a colder climate resulted in starvation, and the colony got economically marginalized as the Great Plague and Barbary pirates harvested its victims on Iceland in the 15th century. [40], The South Atlantic is dominated by the anti-cyclonic southern subtropical gyre. [55], Seafloor spreading led to the extension of the crust and formations of troughs and sedimentary basins. In 1500, in his voyage to India following Vasco da Gama, Pedro Alvares Cabral reached Brazil, taken by the currents of the South Atlantic Gyre. Theoliitic dikes, sills, and lava flows from the CAMP eruption at 200 Ma have been found in West Africa, eastern North America, and northern South America. The African origin of this modern behaviour is evidenced by 70,000 years-old engravings from Blombos Cave, South Africa. The Ertebølle middens in Denmark, for example, accumulated 2,000 m3 (71,000 cu ft) of shell deposits representing some 50 million molluscs over only a thousand years. [12] During the Age of Discovery, the Atlantic was also known to English cartographers as the Great Western Ocean. [93] If the AMO were responsible for SST variability, the AMOC would have increased in strength, which is apparently not the case. The term "Aethiopian Ocean", derived from Ancient Ethiopia, was applied to the Southern Atlantic as late as the mid-19th century. Jusqu’à 200 mètres de profondeur, la température est à peu près égale à celle de la surface, soit 17,5 °C en moyenne, avec un maximum de 27-28 °C dans les océans tropicaux et un minimum de -1,8 °C dans les eaux polaires. [91], North Atlantic hurricane activity has increased over past decades because of increased sea surface temperature (SST) at tropical latitudes, changes that can be attributed to either the natural Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) or to anthropogenic climate change. La figure 4.3 représente la distribution moyenne de la température sur une coupe de l'océan Atlantique Ouest.Cette figure illustre bien le confinement des températures élevées dans la partie supérieure de l'océan. Together these three tectonic forces are slowly developing into a new subduction system in the eastern Atlantic Basin. 60,000 years ago? While their middens resemble 12–11 kya-old Late Stone Age (LSA) middens found on every inhabited continent, the 50–45 kya-old Enkapune Ya Muto in Kenya probably represents the oldest traces of the first modern humans to disperse out of Africa. Some of these canyons extend along the continental rises and farther into the abyssal plains as deep-sea channels.[25]. Minimum : 33°F/Maximum : 84°F Température de l'eau de l'océan atlantique en février The biggest culprits are rivers and with them many agriculture fertilizer chemicals as well as livestock and human waste. Température de l'eau de l'océan atlantique en janvier - Minimum : 33°F/Maximum : 84°F Température de l'eau de l'océan atlantique en février - Minimum : 30°F/Maximum : 85°F Température de l'eau de l'océan atlantique en mars - Minimum : 30°F/Maximum : 85°F Température de l'eau de l'océan atlantique en avril - Minimum : 33°F/Maximum : 85°F Température de l'eau de l'océan atlantique en mai - … Stocks of invertebrates, in contrast, remain at record levels of abundance. Coarse sand, boulders, and rocks were transported into some areas, such as off the coast of Nova Scotia or the Gulf of Maine during the Pleistocene ice ages. A USAF C-124 aircraft from Dover Air Force Base, Delaware was carrying three nuclear bombs over the Atlantic Ocean when it experienced a loss of power. The excess of oxygen-depleting chemicals leads to hypoxia and the creation of a dead zone. [4] The average depth is 3,646 m (11,962 ft) and the maximum depth, the Milwaukee Deep in the Puerto Rico Trench, is 8,376 m (27,480 ft). In the southeast, the Atlantic merges into the Indian Ocean. The opening of the Northern Atlantic closely followed the margins of its predecessor, the Iapetus Ocean, and spread from the Central Atlantic in six stages: Iberia–Newfoundland, Porcupine–North America, Eurasia–Greenland, Eurasia–North America. The earliest exploitation, however, took place on the now submerged shelves, and most settlements now excavated were then located several kilometers from these shelves. Pelagic fish stocks are considered fully fished or overfished, with sardines south of Cape Bojador the notable exception. [10] The Greek word thalassa has been reused by scientists for the huge Panthalassa ocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea hundreds of millions of years ago. Gold deposits are a mile or two under water on the ocean floor, however the deposits are also encased in rock that must be mined through. Meanwhile, the Scotia Arc and Caribbean Plate in the western Atlantic Basin are eastward-propagating subduction systems that might, together with the Gibraltar system, represent the beginning of the closure of the Atlantic Ocean and the final stage of the Atlantic Wilson cycle. [62], In the southern segment the Early Cretaceous (133–130 Ma) intensive magmatism of the Paraná–Etendeka Large Igneous Province produced by the Tristan hotspot resulted in an estimated volume of 1.5×106 to 2.0×106 km3 (3.6×105 to 4.8×105 cu mi). Climatic zones vary with latitude; the warmest zones stretch across the Atlantic north of the equator. [13], The Pond is a term often used by British and American speakers in context to the Northern Atlantic Ocean, as a form of meiosis, or sarcastic understatement. A settlement on Greenland was established before 1000 CE, but contact with it was lost in 1409 and it was finally abandoned during the early Little Ice Age. First small ocean basins opened and a shallow gateway appeared during the Middle Eocene. [86], In the North-East Atlantic total catches decreased between the mid-1970s and the 1990s and reached 8.7 million tons in 2013. The exact timing is controversial with estimates ranging from 200 to 170 Ma. Traces of magmatism in both offshore and onshore basins in the central and southern segments have been dated to 147–49 Ma with two peaks between 143 and 121 Ma and 90–60 Ma. Limited data makes the state of redfishes and deep-water species difficult to assess but most likely they remain vulnerable to overfishing. It is possible that the population in the Sargasso Sea migrated to the Atlantic as the Tethys closed at the end of the Miocene around 17 Ma. Pornichet sea water temperatures peak in the range 18 to 22°C (64 to 72°F) on around the 17th of August and are at their minimum on about the 1st of March, in the range 10 to 11°C (50 to 52°F). The extent of the volcanism has been estimated to 4.5×106 km2 (1.7×106 sq mi) of which 2.5×106 km2 (9.7×105 sq mi) covered what is now northern and central Brazil. The ice season is longer in the polar regions, but there is little shipping in those areas. (Complete List of Average Temperatures) Use the near real-time water temperature data with discretion, because they may contain errors. The fossils found in the Carpathians in the mid-20th century, often called the "quasi-Sargasso assemblage", finally showed that this assemblage originated in the Carpathian Basin from where it migrated over Sicily to the Central Atlantic where it evolved into modern species of the Sargasso Sea. Carte de la température des eaux de surface de l’océan Atlantique (secteur Golfe du Méxique/ Caraïbes) en mai 2015 (© 2015 by Ocean Remote Sensing Group, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory). In La Riera Cave (23–13 kya) in Asturias, Spain, only some 26,600 molluscs were deposited over 10 kya. [26] The depth of water at the apex of the ridge is less than 2,700 m (1,500 fathoms; 8,900 ft) in most places, while the bottom of the ridge is three times as deep. Ceci pourrait notamment expliquer la forte activité cyclonique dans l'Ouest du Pacifique et surtout sur l'Atlantique. [94], The ocean mixed layer plays an important role in heat storage over seasonal and decadal time-scales, whereas deeper layers are affected over millennia and have a heat capacity about 50 times that of the mixed layer. [10] On the other hand, to early Greek sailors and in Ancient Greek mythological literature such as the Iliad and the Odyssey, this all-encompassing ocean was instead known as Oceanus, the gigantic river that encircled the world; in contrast to the enclosed seas well known to the Greeks: the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. [35], The North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is a complex of four water masses, two that form by deep convection in the open ocean — Classical and Upper Labrador Sea Water — and two that form from the inflow of dense water across the Greenland-Iceland-Scotland sill — Denmark Strait and Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water. This intensification in the exploitation of marine resources has been described as accompanied by new technologies — such as boats, harpoons, and fish-hooks — because many caves found in the Mediterranean and on the European Atlantic coast have increased quantities of marine shells in their upper levels and reduced quantities in their lower. [54], Geologically, the Northern Atlantic is the area delimited to the south by two conjugate margins, Newfoundland and Iberia, and to the north by the Arctic Eurasian Basin. [30], The remainder of the ridge was discovered in the 1920s by the German Meteor expedition using echo-sounding equipment. Marine organisms on both sides of the isthmus became isolated and either diverged or went extinct. Growth was more rapid in non-absolutist countries, such as Britain and the Netherlands, and more limited in absolutist monarchies, such as Portugal, Spain, and France, where profit mostly or exclusively benefited the monarchy and its allies. [89], Marine debris, which is also known as marine litter, describes human-created waste floating in a body of water. [35], There are five intermediate waters: four low-salinity waters formed at subpolar latitudes and one high-salinity formed through evaporation. The winds that are cooled or warmed when blowing over these currents influence adjacent land areas. Comment la température de surface de l’Atlantique nord a-t-elle fluctué au cours des 3000 dernières années ? Non-linked temperatures in the monthly columns are average water temperatures. Besides major transatlantic transportation and communication routes, the Atlantic offers abundant petroleum deposits in the sedimentary rocks of the continental shelves. Rifting in the central segment, however, coincided with the Cretaceous Normal Superchron (also known as the Cretaceous quiet period), a 40 Ma period without magnetic reversals, which makes it difficult to date sea-floor spreading in this segment. ", "Why doesn't the South Atlantic Ocean experience tropical cyclones? The 20° East meridian, running south from Cape Agulhas to Antarctica defines its border. [32] The deep ocean floor is thought to be fairly flat with occasional deeps, abyssal plains, trenches, seamounts, basins, plateaus, canyons, and some guyots. ", "The geological history of the North Atlantic Ocean", Atlantic Continental Shelf and Slope of the United States, "Problems and Prospects for the Pelagic Driftnet", "Huge Garbage Patch Found in Atlantic Too", Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, "The rise of Europe: Atlantic trade, institutional change and economic growth", "All roads lead to home: panmixia of European eel in the Sargasso Sea", "The Ysterfontein 1 Middle Stone Age rock shelter and the evolution of coastal foraging", "Archaeology of the continental shelf: marine resources, submerged landscapes and underwater archaeology", "Zircon U-Pb geochronology links the end-Triassic extinction with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province", "Decadal variability of subpolar gyre transport and its reverberation in the North Atlantic overturning", "Exploring the analogy between modern trafficking in humans and the trans-Atlantic slave trade", "Slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 25 N", "The fit of the continents around the Atlantic", "Are subduction zones invading the Atlantic? Other hunter-gatherers followed in waves interrupted by large-scale hazards such as the Laacher See volcanic eruption, the inundation of Doggerland (now the North Sea), and the formation of the Baltic Sea. The mean depth between 60°N and 60°S is 3,730 m (12,240 ft), or close to the average for the global ocean, with a modal depth between 4,000 and 5,000 m (13,000 and 16,000 ft).[25]. [71], The same development can be seen in Europe. In the 1953 definition it extends south to Antarctica, while in later maps it is bounded at the 60° parallel by the Southern Ocean. Off South Africa and Namibia deep-water hake and shallow-water Cape hake have recovered to sustainable levels since regulations were introduced in 2006 and the states of Southern African pilchard and anchovy have improved to fully fished in 2013. This system of currents transport warm water into the North Atlantic, without which temperatures in the North Atlantic and Europe would plunge dramatically. These two intermediate waters have different salinity in the western and eastern basins. [61], In the central segment rifting started to break Africa in two by opening the Benue Trough around 118 Ma. [28] A much vaguer, nameless boundary, between the North American and South American plates, intersects the MAR near or just north of the Fifteen-Twenty Fracture Zone, approximately at 16°N.[29]. [44], The location of the spawning ground for European eels remained unknown for decades. It covers approximately 20 percent of Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It covered an area of 1.2×106 to 1.6×106 km2 (4.6×105 to 6.2×105 sq mi) in Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay and 0.8×105 km2 (3.1×104 sq mi) in Africa. [62], In the Falkland segment rifting began with dextral movements between the Patagonia and Colorado sub-plates between the Early Jurassic (190 Ma) and the Early Cretaceous (126.7 Ma). [6], The Atlantic harbors petroleum and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales), sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, and precious stones. From the 1950s to the 1970s the introduction of European and Asian distant-water fleets in the area dramatically increased the fishing capacity and the number of exploited species. [2][3] It covers approximately 20 percent of Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. The southern subtropical gyre is partly masked by a wind-induced Ekman layer. Icebergs are common from early February to the end of July across the shipping lanes near the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. [45] Recent but disputed research suggests that eels possibly use Earth's magnetic field to navigate through the ocean both as larvae and as adults. A peace treaty mediated by the Pope divided the conquered territories into Spanish and Portuguese sectors while keeping other colonial powers away. Prévisions des conditions de baignade : température de l'eau, indice UV et état de la mer. 代尔堡, Map showing location of Fort Lauderdale (26.122310, -80.143380). In the western Atlantic carbonate platforms dominate large areas, for example, the Blake Plateau and Bermuda Rise. This final stage, nevertheless, coincided with or resulted in the end of continental extension in Africa. Evidence from the southwest Iberia margin", "Norse Greenland settlement: reflections on climate change, trade, and the contrasting fates of human settlements in the North Atlantic islands", "Volumes of the World's Oceans from ETOPO1", The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, "Cyclonic gyre in the tropical South Atlantic", "Emergence of modern human behavior: Middle Stone Age engravings from South Africa", "The beginnings of the Sargasso assemblage in the Tethys? [86], In the South-West Atlantic, a peak was reached in the mid-1980s and catches now fluctuate between 1.7 and 2.6 million tons. The North Atlantic covers 41,490,000 km2 (16,020,000 sq mi) (11.5%) and the South Atlantic 40,270,000 km2 (15,550,000 sq mi) (11.1%). [59][60] This magnificent fit, however, has since then proven problematic and later reconstructions have introduced various deformation zones along the shorelines to accommodate the northward-propagating break-up. [19][20], The bathymetry of the Atlantic is dominated by a submarine mountain range called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Following rapid climate changes at the end of the LGM this region was repopulated by Magdalenian culture. Mises à … [1] Including these marginal seas the coast line of the Atlantic measures 111,866 km (69,510 mi) compared to 135,663 km (84,297 mi) for the Pacific. The slave trade was officially abolished in the British Empire and the United States in 1808, and slavery itself was abolished in the British Empire in 1838 and in the United States in 1865 after the Civil War. The eastern water is saltier because of its proximity to Mediterranean Water. The population of a number of deep-sea fishes also collapsed in the process, including American plaice, redfish, and Greenland halibut, together with flounder and grenadier. [43], Other species endemic to the Sargasso Sea include the sargassum fish, a predator with algae-like appendages which hovers motionless among the Sargassum.

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