philippe ii de france

Later he went to Spain and took part in the Battle of Almansa, a major step in the consolidation of Spain under the Bourbons (1707), where he achieved some important successes. These rumors were never confirmed, although the duke reacted to them by demonstrating affectionate behavior towards her at court. The real power would be in the hands of the duc du Maine, who was also appointed guardian of the young sovereign.[18]. Guillaume Dubois, formerly tutor to the Duke of Orléans, and now his chief minister, caused war to be declared against Spain, with the support of Austria, England and the Netherlands (Quadruple Alliance). By this stage, Philip had managed to counter the ambitions of the count by breaking his alliances with Duke Henry I of Brabant and Archbishop Philip of Cologne. [31] Shouting terms at each other, they could not reach agreement on the terms of a permanent truce, but they did agree to further mediation, which resulted in a five-year truce that held. [28] Philip now pressed his advantage in northeastern Normandy, where he conducted a raid at Dieppe, burning the English ships in the harbor while repulsing an attack by Richard at the same time. After backing out of a conference that he himself had demanded, John eventually bargained at Thouars for a two-year truce, the price of which was his agreement to the chief provisions of the judgment of the Court of Peers, including a loss of his patrimony. In March 1721, the Infanta Mariana Victoria arrived in Paris amid much joy. The Duke of Bourbon took on the role of Prime Minister of France. He expelled them from the royal demesne in July 1182 and had Jewish houses in Paris demolished to make way for the Les Halles market. Advising the English king of his precarious predicament, he persuaded John to abandon his opposition to papal investiture and agreed to accept the papal legate's decision in any ecclesiastical disputes as final. On 3 December, the Duke of Orléans' body was taken to Saint-Cloud where funeral ceremonies began the following day. Chartres was put on a stage with his uncle, cousin and father. [9] In spite of this, they had eight children (see below). The marriage was stormy; Henrietta was a famed beauty, sometimes depicted as flirtatious by those at the court of Versailles. The upshot was that by autumn 1198, Richard had regained almost all that had been lost in 1193. The previous day there had been a formal engagement party at Versailles. Philip defeated him with the aid of the Confrères de la Paix. He liked to employ humble men, to be the subduer of the proud, the defender of the Church, and feeder of the poor".[44]. Philippe II de France, dit Philippe Auguste, est un roi de France. The service was conducted by the Cardinal de Bouillon—a member of the House of La Tour d'Auvergne. ISBN 0520073916. Until his death in 1723, Orléans was generally considered to be first in line to the throne, although legitimists considered that Philip V of Spain, né Duke of Anjou and fils de France, held that place, on the contention that his renunciation in 1700 was constitutionally invalid. Philip had unsuccessfully asked Pope Celestine III to release him from his oath, so he was forced to build his own casus belli. Philip, believing that Courcelles was still holding out, went to its relief. [3] His parents were the French king Louis VII and Adela of Champagne. [50] The war against the Cathars did not end until 1244, when their last strongholds were finally captured. Upon the death of the prince de Condé in 1709, the rank of Premier Prince du Sang passed from the House of Condé to the House of Orléans. [24] Philippe took the apartments of his cousin the late Dauphin on the first floor of the Palace; the King's apartments were above his. On 30 December 1715, the regent decided to bring the young Louis XV from the château de Vincennes to the Tuileries Palace in Paris[21] where he lived until his return to Versailles in June 1722. Philippe II de Bourgogne dit Philippe le Hardi[1] (1342 - 1404), est le fils du roi Jean II de France, dit Jean le Bon, et de Bonne de Luxembourg. [37], Philip returned to Paris triumphant, marching his captive prisoners behind him in a long procession, as his grateful subjects came out to greet the victorious king. Philip II fell ill in September 1222 and had a will made, but carried on with his itinerary. [41] He ordered the king to part from Agnes, and when he did not, the pope placed France under an interdict in 1199. In riposte John crossed over into Normandy. Charles de Saint-Albin, dit l'Abbé d'Orléans, Gabrielle Angelique, Duchess of La Valette and Epernon, This page was last edited on 5 December 2020, at 10:21. When Pope Innocent III called for a crusade against the "Albigensians," or Cathars, in Languedoc in 1208, Philip did nothing to support it, though he did not stop his nobles from joining in. Philip, eager to relieve the pressure off his allies in the south, marched to confront Richard's forces at Vendôme. [35] When Otto was carried off the field by his wounded and terrified horse, and the Count of Flanders was severely wounded and taken prisoner, the Flemish and Imperial troops saw that the battle was lost, turned, and fled the field. Chartres was reared alongside Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, later famous for his memoirs and defense of the rights of the peerage of France; Saint-Simon often accompanied the duke, and his wife was later a lady-in-waiting to Philippe's daughter, Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, duchesse de Berry. After Richard's delayed return home, war between England and France would ensue over possession of English-controlled territories. Marie Isabelle d'Orléans (17 December 1693 – 17 October 1694) died in infancy. Philippe II de France dit Auguste Roi de France. Pushed by his barons, John eventually launched an invasion of northern France in 1206. [43], The only known description of Philip describes him as "a handsome, strapping fellow, bald but with a cheerful face of ruddy complexion, and a temperament much inclined towards good-living, wine, and women. Here, Philip's advance was halted by a defense led by the Earl of Leicester. What Philip had gained through victory in war, he sought to confirm by legal means. Fearing a revival of the war, Louis named the duc d'Orléans joint President of a Regency Council, but one that would be packed with his enemies, reaching its decisions by a majority vote that was bound to go against him. The Berry couple would have no children that lived more than a year. Roi à l’âge de 15 ans, il le restera durant 42 ans et restera dans les mémoires comme l’un des monarques emblématiques de la France médiévale. One of his most effective tools was to befriend all of Henry's sons and use them to foment rebellion against their father. On 25 August 1715, a few days before his death, Louis XIV added a codicil to his will: He sent for the Chancellor and wrote a last codicil to his will, in the presence of Mme de Maintenon. He was dragged out of the river and shut himself up in Gisors.[30]. Philip's son by Isabelle de Hainaut, Louis VIII, was his successor. Philippe III [1], dit « le Hardi », né le 1 er mai 1245 à Poissy et mort le 5 octobre 1285 à Perpignan, est roi de France de 1270 à 1285 ; il est le dixième souverain de la dynastie dite des Capétiens directs.. Il était le second fils du roi de France Louis IX, dit « Saint Louis », et de son épouse Marguerite de Provence By 1215, his fleet could carry a total of 7,000 men. Philippe VI de France . Nonetheless, the marriage produced three children: Marie Louise d'Orléans, future queen of Spain, who left France in 1679 when Philippe was just five; Philippe Charles (1664–1666), Duke of Valois; and Anne Marie d'Orléans, born at Saint-Cloud in 1669, later queen consort of Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia (they became the maternal grandparents of Philippe's future protégé Louis XV). From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Philippe III [1], dit « le Hardi », né le 1 er mai 1245 à Poissy et mort le 5 octobre 1285 à Perpignan, est roi de France de 1270 à 1285 ; il est le dixième souverain de la dynastie dite des Capétiens directs.. Il était le second fils du roi de France Louis IX, dit « Saint Louis », et de son épouse Marguerite de … Bannière royale de France : Royaume de France [1223 - 1226] Louis VIII le-Lion. After the early death of Isabella of Hainaut in childbirth in 1190, Philip decided to marry again. He broke off his friendships with Henry's younger sons Richard and John as each acceded to the English throne. [1], At his birth, he was titled Duke of Chartres and was formally addressed as Monseigneur le duc de Chartres. As the second living son of his parents, his birth was not greeted with the enthusiasm the Duke of Valois had received in 1673.[2]:9. His distraught mother was pregnant at the time with Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans (1676–1744), future Duchess and regent of Lorraine. The couple were the parents of two dauphins of France, Louis, Duke of Brittany, who died in 1712, and Louis, Duke of Anjou, the future Louis XV. [39] Philip met her at Amiens on 14 August 1193 and they were married that same day. Quatrième fils du roi de France Jean II le Bon et de Bonne de Luxembourg, Philippe reçoit de son père le duché de Bourgogne (1363), puis, grâce à l'appui de son frère, le roi Charles V, il épouse Marguerite de Male (1369), fille et héritière du comte de Flandre. Il est le fils héritier de Louis VII dit le Jeune et d'Adèle de Champagne. In 1676, the Duke of Valois died at the Palais-Royal in Paris, making Philippe the new heir to the House of Orléans; the future heirs of the Duke of Orléans would be known as the Duke of Chartres (duc de Chartres) for the next century. With Charpentier's help, he composed an opera, Philomèle, performed at his residence in 1694; and in 1705 the prince wrote a second opera, Penthée, to a libretto by the Marquis de La Fare. Hot weather the next summer worsened his fever, but a brief remission prompted him to travel to Paris on 13 July 1223, against the advice of his physician. As his forces neared the castle, Philip, who had been unable to break through, decided to strike camp. His father was Louis XIV's younger brother Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, his mother was Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate. Philippe IIPhilippe II incarne l'Espagne au faîte de sa puissance. John was to advance from the Loire, while his ally Otto IV made a simultaneous attack from Flanders, together with the Count of Flanders. On 27 July 1214, the opposing armies suddenly discovered that they were in close proximity to one another, on the banks of a little tributary of the River Lys, near the bridge at Bouvines. Il est le fils héritier de Louis VII dit le Jeune et d'Adèle de Champagne.. Son surnom d'"Auguste" lui fut donné par le moine Rigord après que Philippe II eut ajouté au domaine royal en juillet 1185 (Traité de Boves) les seigneuries d'Artois, du Valois, d'Amiens et une bonne partie du Vermandois et également parce qu'il était né au mois d'août. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Philip V (c.1292/93 – 3 January 1322), called the Tall (French: le Long), was King of France and Navarre (as Philip II) and Count of Champagne from 1316 to his death, and the second to last of the House of Capet. [8] Guests included the exiled James II of England and his consort, Mary of Modena. Philip eagerly accepted the advice, and quickly marched at the head of his troops into the territory of Flanders. His next objective was the castle of Verneuil,[28] which had withstood an earlier siege. The son of Philippe I, duc d’Orléans, and Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Philippe d’Orléans was known as the duc de Chartres during his father’s lifetime. [8] The great nobles were discontented with Philip's advantageous marriage. [34] The armies clashed at what became known as the Battle of Bouvines. [1] Philippe had died at Saint-Cloud after an argument with Louis XIV at Marly about Chartres' flaunting his pregnant mistress, Marie-Louise de Séry, before Françoise Marie. By the end of 1204, most of Normandy and the Angevin lands, including much of Aquitaine, had fallen into Philip's hands. English: Philip II (French: Philippe II), called Philip II Augustus (French: Philippe Auguste) (August 21, 1165 – July 14, 1223), was King of France from 1180 to 1223. On 15 August 1193, he married Ingeborg, daughter of King Valdemar I of Denmark,[38] receiving 10,000 marks of silver as a dowry. He took the offensive and, apart from a five-month siege of Andely, swept all before him. Philippe Ier, né le 23 mai 1052 et mort le 29 juillet 1108 au château de Melun, est roi des Francs de 1060 à 1108, quatrième de la dynastie dite des Capétiens directs. His army left Vézelay on 4 July 1190. Philip now marched southward into the Berry region. [6] He was married on 28 April 1180 to Isabella of Hainault, the daughter of Count Baldwin V of Hainaut and Countess Margaret I of Flanders. In fact, the Dauphin died of smallpox, the Duc de Berry in a riding accident and the others of measles, but they did great damage to Orléans' reputation, and even Louis XIV seems to have at least half-believed them. Hardly had the siege begun when Philip learned that the English fleet had captured a number of his ships at Damme and that the rest were so closely blockaded in its harbor that it was impossible for them to escape. Discovering what was happening, Richard decided to attack the French king's forces, catching Philip by surprise. Leaving a large force behind to prosecute the siege, he moved off towards Évreux, which John had handed over to his brother to prove his loyalty. At the end of the ceremony, he threw himself in the arms of Orléans.[25]. He died at Versailles in 1723. Upon hearing that her son had agreed to the marriage, Philippe's mother slapped his face in full view of the court and turned her back on the king as he bowed to her. In 1208, Philip of Swabia, the successful candidate to assume the throne of the Holy Roman Empire, was assassinated. The English barons were initially unenthusiastic about the expedition, which delayed his departure, so it was not until February 1214 that he disembarked at La Rochelle. Philip then raised the issue of his other sister, Alys, Countess of Vexin, and her delayed betrothal to Henry's son Richard I of England, nicknamed Richard the Lionheart. [9] His mother and four uncles, all of whom exercised enormous influence over Louis, were extremely unhappy with his attainment of the throne, since Philip had taken the royal seal from his father. Philip had not reckoned with Isambour, however; she insisted that the marriage had been consummated, and that she was his wife and the rightful queen of France. After decades of conflicts with the House of Plantagenet, Philip succeeded in putting an end to the Angevin Empire by defeating a coalition of his rivals at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214. Constant wars with many of the major powers in Europe rendered a significant marriage with a foreign princess unlikely, or so Louis XIV told his brother, Monsieur, when persuading him to accept the king's legitimised daughter, Françoise Marie de Bourbon (known as Mademoiselle de Blois), as wife for Philippe. Mme de Maintenon would have preferred Philip V [King of Spain] to be Regent and the duc du Maine to be Lieutenant Général and consequently in control. Philip was unhorsed by the Flemish pikemen in the heat of battle, and were it not for his mail armor he would have probably been killed. Philip was the first Bourbon king of Spain, the country's present ruling house. Only in Orléans' last years did the obvious affection between himself and Louis XV, and the young King's robust health, cause the rumours to die away. He was in a difficult situation, as he had taken an oath not to attack Richard's lands while he was away on crusade. His father having gained military distinction in the Battle of Cassel and during the decisive French victory against William III of England, Chartres would similarly demonstrate military prowess. King Philippe II AUGUSTE de France was born on AUG 21 1165 in Gonesse, Kingdom of France. Finally, by the Treaty of Azay-le-Rideau (4 July 1189), Henry was forced to renew his own homage, confirm the cession of Issoudun to Philip (along with Graçay), and renounce his claim to suzerainty over Auvergne. Within two years, his fleet included 10 large ships and many smaller ones. Biographie de Philippe II de France (extrait) Philippe II dit Philippe Auguste, né le 21 août 1165 à Gonesse, mort à Mantes le 14 juillet 1223, est le septième roi de la dynastie dite des Capétiens directs. Philip did not participate directly in these actions, but he allowed his vassals and knights to help carry them out. In July 1185, the Treaty of Boves left the disputed territory partitioned, with Amiénois, Artois, and numerous other places passing to the king, and the remainder, with the county of Vermandois proper, left provisionally to the Count of Flanders. In May 1685 the duc de Chartres, then just ten years old, made his first public appearance at Versailles; the occasion was the arrival of the Doge of Genoa, Francesco Maria Lercari Imperiale, at the French court. Should Richard die without an heir, the territory would return to Philip, and if Philip died without an heir, those lands would be considered a part of Normandy.[26]. Philippe II Auguste Capet, Roi de France was born on 21 August 1165 at Gonesse, Île-de-France, France G. 2 He was the son of Louis VII, Roi des Francs and Adele de Champagne. Philip transformed France from a small feudal state into the most prosperous and powerful country in Europe. Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, was a member of the royal family of France and served as Regent of the Kingdom from 1715 to 1723. En tant que roi d'Espagne, il est à la tête des possessions espagnoles extra-européennes, principalement en Amérique, qui lui assurent des ressources considérables. At first, he decreased taxation and dismissed 25,000 soldiers. Chartres had his first experience of battle at the siege of Mons in 1691, the year before his marriage. [28] Fleeing back to Normandy, Philip avenged himself on the English by attacking the forces of John and the Earl of Arundel, seizing their baggage train. At Mantes on 9 July 1193, Philip came to terms with Richard's ministers, who agreed that Philip could keep his gains and would be given some extra territories if he ceased all further aggressive actions in Normandy, along with the condition that Philip would hand back the captured territory if Richard would pay homage. [14] But the rank of petit-fils de France being higher than that of premier prince, Philippe did not change his style; nor did his son or other heirs make use of the Monsieur le Prince style, which had been so long associated with the cadet branch of the Princes de Condé that the heads of the House of Orléans preferred to be known at court by their ducal title. Her dowry was of 4 million livres. Si Philippe II a échoué dans la lutte qui l'a opposé à l'Angleterre et dans ses efforts de pacification des Pays-Bas, il a remporté par contre de brillantes victoires contre les Français et contre les Turcs. The military actions surrounding the Albigensian Crusade helped prepare the expansion of France southward. [8] Madame de Montespan had not been invited to the wedding of her daughter. Philippe Charles d'Orléans was born at the Château de Saint-Cloud, some ten kilometers west of Paris. His primary objective was the fortress of Issoudun, which had just been captured by Richard's mercenary commander, Mercadier. Madame Henriette died at Saint-Cloud in 1670; rumors abounded that she had been poisoned by her husband or his long-term lover, the Chevalier de Lorraine; the two would remain together till the death of the Duke of Orléans in 1701. His heart was taken to the Val de Grâce church in Paris and his body to the Basilica of Saint Denis, (about 10 km north of Paris), the necropolis of the French kings and their family.[26]. The next year, the duchess gave birth to another son, Philippe Charles d'Orléans. Finally the Count of Flanders invaded France, ravaging the whole district between the Somme and the Oise before penetrating as far as Dammartin. Once Richard arrived at Barfleur, he soon marched towards Verneuil. [11] Towards the end of his reign, the king could muster some 3,000 knights, 9,000 sergeants, 6,000 urban militiamen, and thousands of foot sergeants. [28] Philip retook the town and sacked it, but during this time, his forces at Verneuil abandoned the siege, and Richard entered the castle unopposed on 30 May. Reversing his uncle's policies again, Philippe formed an alliance with Great Britain, Austria, and the Netherlands, and fought a successful war against Spain that established the conditions of a European peace. Bunched together, the French knights with king Philip attempted to cross the Epte River on a bridge that promptly collapsed under their weight, almost drowning Philip in the process. On le désigne comme Monsieur (et son épouse est Madame). In return, the pope agreed to accept the Kingdom of England and the Lordship of Ireland as papal fiefs, which John would rule as the pope's vassal, and for which John would do homage to the pope. He disembarked with his army at La Rochelle during one of Philip's absences, but the campaign was a disaster. Then, in 1198, Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI died. [12] Using his increased revenues, Philip was the first Capetian king to build a French navy actively. He acted in plays of Molière and Racine, composed an opera, and was a gifted painter and engraver. [5] Dubois had entered Philippe's household in 1683 as his "under-preceptor". He was yielding, out of sheer fatigue, to his wife and confessor, probably with the reservation that his extraordinary action would be set aside after his death, like the will itself. Philippe II dit Philippe Auguste de FRANCE 1165-1223 Marié le 28 avril 1180 (lundi), Le Transloy (Arrouaise), 62, avecIsabelle de HAINAUT 1170-1190 Philippe II dit Philippe Auguste de FRANCE 1165-1223 Marié le 14 août 1193 (samedi), Paris, 75, avecIngeburge de DANEMARK 1174-1236 Initial agreement had been reached for him to marry Margaret, daughter of Count William I of Geneva, but the young bride's journey to Paris was interrupted by Thomas, Count of Savoy, who kidnapped Philip's intended new wife and married her instead,[40] claiming that Philip was already bound in marriage. He was a King of France from SEP 18 1180 to JUL 14 1223. Philippe favoured Jansenism which, despite papal condemnation, was accepted by the French bishops, and he revoked Louis XIV's compliance with the bull Unigenitus. In the meantime, Philip had sought a new bride. [14] Ninety-nine Jews were burned alive in Brie-Comte-Robert. He ordered the fleet to be burned to prevent it from falling into enemy hands.[32]. Subject of the first section of Charles Mackay's ", Philippe, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France, Louis had no children; he died aged 10 in 1795. Political and military conditions seemed promising at the start of 1196 when Richard's nephew Arthur I, Duke of Brittany ended up in Philip's hands, and he won the Siege of Aumale, but Philip's good fortune did not last. Fortune's favorite, fearful for his life, easily excited and easily placated, he was very tough with powerful men who resisted him, and took pleasure in provoking discord among them. Son règne dure quarante trois ans pendant lequel il remporte des victoires déterminantes et participe à des croisades dont celle où il se bat aux côtés de Richard Coeur de Lion. The Third Crusade ordained territory was under the protection of the Church in any event. Richard countered Philip's thrust with a counterattack in Vexin, while Mercadier led a raid on Abbeville. Philippe de France, duc dOrléans appelé aussi Philippe dOrléans, né le 21 septembre 1640 à Saint-Germain-en-Laye et mort le 9 juin 1701 au château de Saint-Cloud, est un prince de France, fils de Louis XIII et dAnne d'Autriche, et frère de Louis XIV. Do your utmost to preserve his realm. [2] He checked the power of the nobles and helped the towns free themselves from seigneurial authority, granting privileges and liberties to the emergent bourgeoisie. Franco-Spanish relations only recovered in 1743 when Louis XV's son Louis de France married Mariana Victoria's sister Infanta Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain. He would not participate in any campaign until restored to all ancient lands. Bannière royale de France : Royaume de France Philip soon planned a new offensive, launching raids into Normandy and again targeting Évreux. [39] At the feast of Assumption of the virgin, Archbishop Guillaume of Reims crowned both Philip and Ingeborg. Philip II Augustus was the King of France … The decision had been taken by the Duke of Orléans who, after the fall of Law's System, was feeling the loss of his personal popularity in Paris. It being a Sunday, Philip did not expect the allied army to attack, as it was considered unholy to fight on the Sabbath. His body was carried to Paris on a bier. On 6 June 1717, under the influence of Law and the duc de Saint-Simon, the Regent persuaded the Regency Council to purchase from Thomas Pitt for £135,000 the world's largest known diamond, a 141 carat (28.2 g) cushion brilliant, for the crown jewels of France. Next, collaborating to link physics and music, Sauveur and Loulié demonstrated vibrating strings and the Galilean pendulum, and how the mathematical principles on which these devices depend are related to music. By this arrangement they became the sole masters of the person and residence of the King; of Paris ... and all the internal and external guard; of the entire service ... so much so that the Regent did not have even the shadow of the slightest authority and found himself at their mercy.[19]. Philippe II dit Philippe Auguste, né le 21 août 1165 à Gonesse, mort à Mantes le 14 juillet 1223, est le septième roi de la dynastie dite des Capétiens directs. Philip travelled to the Holy Land to participate in the Third Crusade of 1189–1192 with King Richard I of England and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. [9] Eventually, Louis died on 18 September 1180. Philippe of France, Duke of Anjou (30 August 1730 – 7 April 1733) was a French prince and the second son of king Louis XV of France and Marie Leszczyńska.He was styled Duke of Anjou from birth. From the beginning of 1721, Philip V of Spain, and the Duke of Orléans had been negotiating the project of three Franco-Spanish marriages in order to cement tense relations between Spain and France. [27] Philip then penetrated deep into Normandy, reaching as far as Dieppe. When Philippe was born, his uncle Louis XIV was at the height of his power. [2] Philippe was greatly affected by his mother's death. In May 1200, Philip signed the Treaty of Le Goulet with Richard's successor John Lackland. [15], In 1181, Philip began a war with Count Philip I of Flanders over the Vermandois, which King Philip claimed as his wife's dowry and the Count was unwilling to give up. Philippe I was informed by Louis XIV that a marriage between Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, and a foreign princess would not likely happen due to the constant wars between France and other major powers in Europe. Returning to France in late 1191, Phillip began plotting to find a way to have those territories restored to him. Philip finally achieved a third marriage in June 1196, when he was married to Agnes of Merania from Dalmatia. When word reached Philip that Richard had finished crusading and had been captured on his way back from the Holy Land, he promptly invaded Vexin. Notified of Philip's impending approach with 2,000 knights, he turned around and headed back to Flanders.

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